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Junkers Ju 388
The Junkers Ju 388 ''Störtebeker'' was a World War II German ''Luftwaffe'' multi-role aircraft based on the Ju 88 airframe by way of the Ju 188. It differed from its predecessors in being intended for high altitude operation, with design features such as a pressurized cockpit for its crew. The Ju 388 was introduced very late in the war, and production problems along with the deteriorating war conditions meant that few were built.
==Background==
The Reich Air Ministry (RLM) first learned of the American B-29 Superfortress heavy bomber in late 1942. these concerns were heightened in early 1944, when YB-29 "Hobo Queen" made a well- publicised appearance at RAF Bovingdon, which had made a headline photo appearance in a news article in the ''Völkischer Beobachter'' newspaper. The performance estimates of this aircraft were cause for great concern in the ''Luftwaffe''. The B-29 had a maximum speed of around 560 km/h (348 mph), and would attack in a cruise at about 360 km/h (224 mph) at 8,000-10,000 m (26,247-32,810 ft), an altitude where no current ''Luftwaffe'' aircraft was effective.
To counter the B-29, the ''Luftwaffe'' would need new day fighters and bomber destroyers with greatly enhanced performance at extreme altitude. The fighter chosen was the Focke-Wulf Ta 152H. This was based on the Fw 190D with longer wings and the new high-altitude "E" model of the Junkers Jumo 213 engine. An alternative was the Messerschmitt Me 155B, a long-winged development of the Bf 109 which had already undergone several stages of design and would ultimately be built in prototype form by Blohm & Voss. The centre-line thrust twin Dornier Do 335, powered with two of the competing Daimler-Benz DB 603 engines also offered a service ceiling of some 11,400 m (37,500 ft), but the promising Dornier heavy fighter and ''Zerstörer'' was still under development solely with prototype airframes flying, and the first production examples expected to enter operational service late in 1944.
For the bomber destroyer and night fighter roles, the Ta 154 and Heinkel He 219 had the performance needed to catch the bomber; but each of those designs only gained that performance by mounting short wings which were inadequate for flight at high altitude. The Junkers Ju 88 had already been modified for high-altitude use as the S and T models, but these did not have the performance needed. Similar high-altitude modifications to the Ju 188 were being looked at as the projected Ju 188J, K and L models, which included a now nearly-standard "stepless" pressurized cockpit that fully enclosed the entire nose, and wing and elevator deicing equipment for extended flights at very high altitude. These were selected for development, and renamed Ju 388.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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